The Mission
1. Transform the extended city of Thiruvananthapuram into a Renewable Energy Model City of India by the year 2015 and maintain that status ever after.
2. Publicize its accomplishment to help launch similar action plans throughout Kerala and India, bringing recognition from the community committed to a sustainable future.
This Action Plan here strives to fulfill the national mission in renewable energy published by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
A sample solar grid connected residential installation of 10KW in California. 2KW to 10 KW residential installations like this is becoming very wide spread in many California cities.
This page shows a number of very large scale recent solar grid connected systems at well known Universities, Hospitals, Companies in California. http://reaptec.blogspot.com/p/recent-solar-grid-connected.html
The original proposal
by Dr. P. Karunakaran Nair presented to the Thiruvananthapuram Nagara Sabha on Nov 2010, updated, PULARI - REAPTEC. This is based on the National Mission from MNRE shown above.
Some email communications from early participants are below.
C. Balagopal, Managing Director, Terumo Penpol Limited:
I am impressed by your vision for a renewable energy future for Trivandrum (and other cities). I read with interest your presentation on the objectives and strategy of PULARI. I believe this is a very important initiative and deserves the support of all thinking and concerned citizens. I would like to get the CII involved in this initiative and am accordingly forwarding your presentation to the CII / Trivandrum Zonal Council for further action.
Prof. V. K. Damodaran:
We at INGCORE (International NGO for RE), EMC and CED along with (may be REC Calicut Alumni too) other tech-savvy organizations will join hands with expertise and willingness to achieve,in this mission and if your weight is also thrown into it, we can get things going.There are many citizens now interested in having Solar PV on their roof top, irrespective of the long or 'no" pay back period with current rates for installation. All apartment complexes can have solar PV for common electrical lights and biogas plants for waste management in an economic way,avoiding recurring expenses. So, scope is immense.
Chacko Neroth:
I would be delighted to help the project with the design, selection of equipment, and installation. I may be able to secure significant discounts for many of the items from vendors in USA and pass along the savings to the project. However I do not know whether this project will be subject to import duties, or the shipping costs to India may affect overall savings.
Chacko Neroth's presentation at INGCORE 2010, Thiruvananthapuram, specifically addressing solar grid connected systems, with some emphasis for Kerala alternative energy projects:
Solar Energy For The People
Reference:Solar Radiation Data For India
Dharesan Unnithan, Director, Energy Management Center:
Thanks for the mail. If we have a target on December 2011, we have to have a discussion at IE office on a convenient date shortly, so that we will get a clear picture on the present consumption with its load break up.
S. S. Kaimal, Senior Engineer, Central Govt. India:
I believe that energy is the prime mover of human civilisation....Some months ago, when India’s Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and U.S. President George W. Bush sat in the White House, discussing the Indo-U.S. Nuclear deal ...neither of them would have given a thought that..a gigantic nuclear fusion reactor, bigger than the biggest any human agency can build, was shedding light and warmth over one half of our planet, free of cost and free of any inherent danger either of radiation or risks of waste disposal....why bother to erect such nuclear power plants when limitless energy is freely available from the gigantic fusion reactor, the sun, as mentioned above? As the verse in the Gita says, "Why dig a well when the whole region is flooded with water?"
Dr Babu Ambat, Executive Director, Centre for Environment and Development,Thiruvananthapuram:
The attached ppt [proposal] seems very interesting. The recently concluded Kerala Environment Environment Congress organised by Centre for Environment and Development has discussed in detail the potential of solar energy especially in the context of Kerala. I would like to know more about the PULARI program and also to discuss whether CED can contribute in anyway in this program.
By adding comments below, you can respond to this proposal. Please provide suggestions, and how you may personally be able to help to accomplish this mission. Get email notification about a new comment, complete the submit link on the righ side towards the top.
The system may ask for your email id. This is to verify your authenticity, so that anonymous people can be prevented from abusing this forum. Your email is very secure, and will not be disclosed to anybody else (such as other vendors, or for any commercial purposes). It is not displayed in the forum, unless you write your email in your own posting. It would be useful to others when you identify yourself, including your title. But it is also acceptable if you do not want to identify yourself to others viewing this, but wish to participate by making suggestions and comment somewhat anonymously. This is a very high security, very well established Blog service of high repute. This service is run by Google.
To see comments from others, click on the comments link below.
1. Transform the extended city of Thiruvananthapuram into a Renewable Energy Model City of India by the year 2015 and maintain that status ever after.
2. Publicize its accomplishment to help launch similar action plans throughout Kerala and India, bringing recognition from the community committed to a sustainable future.
This Action Plan here strives to fulfill the national mission in renewable energy published by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
This page shows a number of very large scale recent solar grid connected systems at well known Universities, Hospitals, Companies in California. http://reaptec.blogspot.com/p/recent-solar-grid-connected.html
The original proposal
by Dr. P. Karunakaran Nair presented to the Thiruvananthapuram Nagara Sabha on Nov 2010, updated, PULARI - REAPTEC. This is based on the National Mission from MNRE shown above.
Some email communications from early participants are below.
C. Balagopal, Managing Director, Terumo Penpol Limited:
I am impressed by your vision for a renewable energy future for Trivandrum (and other cities). I read with interest your presentation on the objectives and strategy of PULARI. I believe this is a very important initiative and deserves the support of all thinking and concerned citizens. I would like to get the CII involved in this initiative and am accordingly forwarding your presentation to the CII / Trivandrum Zonal Council for further action.
Prof. V. K. Damodaran:
We at INGCORE (International NGO for RE), EMC and CED along with (may be REC Calicut Alumni too) other tech-savvy organizations will join hands with expertise and willingness to achieve,in this mission and if your weight is also thrown into it, we can get things going.There are many citizens now interested in having Solar PV on their roof top, irrespective of the long or 'no" pay back period with current rates for installation. All apartment complexes can have solar PV for common electrical lights and biogas plants for waste management in an economic way,avoiding recurring expenses. So, scope is immense.
Chacko Neroth:
I would be delighted to help the project with the design, selection of equipment, and installation. I may be able to secure significant discounts for many of the items from vendors in USA and pass along the savings to the project. However I do not know whether this project will be subject to import duties, or the shipping costs to India may affect overall savings.
Chacko Neroth's presentation at INGCORE 2010, Thiruvananthapuram, specifically addressing solar grid connected systems, with some emphasis for Kerala alternative energy projects:
Solar Energy For The People
Reference:Solar Radiation Data For India
Dharesan Unnithan, Director, Energy Management Center:
Thanks for the mail. If we have a target on December 2011, we have to have a discussion at IE office on a convenient date shortly, so that we will get a clear picture on the present consumption with its load break up.
S. S. Kaimal, Senior Engineer, Central Govt. India:
I believe that energy is the prime mover of human civilisation....Some months ago, when India’s Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and U.S. President George W. Bush sat in the White House, discussing the Indo-U.S. Nuclear deal ...neither of them would have given a thought that..a gigantic nuclear fusion reactor, bigger than the biggest any human agency can build, was shedding light and warmth over one half of our planet, free of cost and free of any inherent danger either of radiation or risks of waste disposal....why bother to erect such nuclear power plants when limitless energy is freely available from the gigantic fusion reactor, the sun, as mentioned above? As the verse in the Gita says, "Why dig a well when the whole region is flooded with water?"
Dr Babu Ambat, Executive Director, Centre for Environment and Development,Thiruvananthapuram:
The attached ppt [proposal] seems very interesting. The recently concluded Kerala Environment Environment Congress organised by Centre for Environment and Development has discussed in detail the potential of solar energy especially in the context of Kerala. I would like to know more about the PULARI program and also to discuss whether CED can contribute in anyway in this program.
By adding comments below, you can respond to this proposal. Please provide suggestions, and how you may personally be able to help to accomplish this mission. Get email notification about a new comment, complete the submit link on the righ side towards the top.
The system may ask for your email id. This is to verify your authenticity, so that anonymous people can be prevented from abusing this forum. Your email is very secure, and will not be disclosed to anybody else (such as other vendors, or for any commercial purposes). It is not displayed in the forum, unless you write your email in your own posting. It would be useful to others when you identify yourself, including your title. But it is also acceptable if you do not want to identify yourself to others viewing this, but wish to participate by making suggestions and comment somewhat anonymously. This is a very high security, very well established Blog service of high repute. This service is run by Google.
To see comments from others, click on the comments link below.
Based on the estimate of the energy requirements at the Institute of Engineers, the first proposed installation site under this initiative (from some earlier emails) my project design is as follows.
ReplyDeletePlan on a total of 3 KW grid connected system. Since this is a showcase system, providing models for adaption, I recommend we split this into two types. A 2 KW traditional, single central inverter system; plus four 250 W micro inverter type systems. We can use different make/models of micro inverters as wells as panels with such a design. We can also use different type panels in the 2KW system, but that would require matching photo voltaic characteristics for optimal efficiency.
Once these are all connected to the power line, they would function identical to a single 3 KW uniform system, but with the additional flexibility to experience different features of the different models, especially software for measuring and tracking energy generation. The total cost of such a system would not be any more than that from a single manufacturer. We may be able to get deep discounts or even donations from multiple manufactures for such smaller systems, for showcasing their product at this pioneering installation.
This is a step in the right direction. Solar power would be ideal for the amount of insolation received on TVM and geographically,a great latitude to be on. Should be tried in other cities like Kochi too. Grid connected is the way to go. However, the regulator - KSEB - should put in place a robust policy on feed-in-tariffs, among other issues. Otherwise this will just remain on paper...
ReplyDeleteThomas K.George
Kochi
I agree with this idea-2 kW PV with inverter grid-tied +4x 250 W plug-in micro-inv., making a total of 3 kW PV system for the Institute of Engineers India (IEI) – Kerala State Center Building opp. Kanakakkunnu Palace, Vellayambalam. There is a flat roof. Look at the MNRE solar data: www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/srd-sec.pdf for TRV.
ReplyDeleteWe find that TRV has an average 5.4 h of 1000 W/m2 solar power density per day. Thus, 3 kW x 5.4 h/day x 30 days will give 485 kWh from these PV modules at the inverter. With an inverter efficiency of 85%, we would be feeding the grid monthly at 410 kWh (units). It would be a great feeling to attend the meetings in IEI hall, next time on.
There is nothing new about initiatives like this. What is new would be the financing. PULARI-REAPTEC is a citizen’s project, fully self-financed. Each project has a technical - and a financial coordinator. The 3 kW power would be split into 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 parts. Consider a cost usd5/W installed.
If I come forward for a share of 20 W, I must expect to bear the cost 20x5usdx50 = Rs.5000. I will send the fund to the financial coordinator, who is assisted by the IEI office – account and audit. The PULARI council will send me a receipt certificate to that effect – that I met the cost of 20 W PV for the 3kW IEI installation. I will also be in the e-mail list to get updates on the output of “MY (20 W) System” at IEI-KSC. It brings a great satisfaction and an affordable participation - in honor of the great people who built/build my country.
A school with a 5 kW PV plan can get alumni support, other than just from the current students and parents. A 2W share will be Rs.500, collected at the 2012-13 year (or earlier). Among 500 pupils, a 1 kW PV is easy to put up. For the rest of a 5-10 kW PV plant, alumni can join-in. Again, this brings a great feeling - moving toward a sustainable life.
It is every citizen’s right to have uninterrupted energy; but here is the moment to part-take in the opportunity to feed the electric grid for everyone by everyone. May be we would feed a bit more than we would take back from the grid in the night. But, it is for the common good.
Eventually there will be some rules to favor these micro contributors to the national grid. We will have 30 or more years to wait – no hurry with PV, they stay active. But, we are already immunized against any kWh tariff-rise, and yes, we are part of an evolved civilization.
I have update the site with additional reference materials and some of the enthusiastic comments received from prominent supporters in email.
ReplyDeleteChacko Neroth,
California
I attended the conference in TVM last year, and I am excited that the time has come to showcase the possibilities of solar power connected to the grid. I hope the project is undertaken quickly, and that it demonstrates to the people who see it that solar power has an enormous potential as a clean, renewable, and efficient source of energy for the whole of India!
ReplyDeleteThere is a very encouraging news about solar efficiency increase just out. In the near term this makes possible solar energy to be lower in cost than that from fossil fuels. See the article 5 on the References, on the right area.
ReplyDeleteChacko Neroth
The initiative has come not a minute too late . The mission planned for Thiruvanathapuram (TVM)should take the lead in ensuring the State of Kerala and other parts of India follow suit to take advantage of the enormous potential of this form of energy . Put simply , solar energy is the future .
ReplyDeleteI had the opportunity to set up and manage a 15kW rated roof top off grid solar plant meeting about 40% of the lighting and power needs of an organisation . The Unit was commissioned in Feb,2010. The solar panels were sourced from Hyderabad and the electronics from Bangalore, all sourcing done by a US consultant. 18 months of operation on load has brought out certain shortcomings -mainly wrt the electronics .The Solar inverter is single cubicle with the battery charger and inverter combined .I have experienced problems of IGBT failures( 4 times during the warranty period )on the battery charging side . My view is that rather than a single inverter , the distributed system will perform better
The roof top panel concept , I feel , is the preferred model for TVM rather than a solar farm which requires larger floor area .
TVM receives monsoon rains for over 4/5 months ,thsu impacting the system performance . Design stage should look at this also
I look forward to participating in this venture
G S Iyer, Thank you very much for sharing your very recent solar install experience here. Your recommendations are entirely in line with my previous ones. Using solar for battery charging or as a battery backup power system briefly discussed before this site was set up. I recommended using all of the solar as a grid connected system. The disadvantages of battery systems was also covered in my original presentation at Trivandrum (see References).
ReplyDeleteTo reiterate, there is a time and place where solar with battery (off-grid) is appropriate. It is for remote areas where THE electric grid has not reached and for places like battle field use or in space. But as a backup electric source in homes, this has a number of significant disadvantages, though it looks very appealing at first sight.
A. Historically this solution was marketed to the customers because the technology for grid connection was not known or too expensive, but battery charging was well known and relatively cheap for many years. Modern semi conductor integration has made the grid connection reliable and inexpensive (compare the mobile phones to crank telephones of 70 years ago).
B. The battery costs are (erroneously) calculated only for the short term life of 3-6 years; battery replacement is very costly, the energy costs of making batteries are also high (often totally ignored), resulting in very little real energy production from sun.
C. This one is the least understood: Combining a solar, battery and grid connection does not result in any real savings in cost compared two separate systems, one of solar grid connection, and the other of common battery backup from the grid. The real technical reason is even more obscure: the combining makes both parts much less optimal and efficient!
D. The grid connected battery backup system, being relatively simple, is rather inexpensive and easier to maintain as a separate system.
E. Of course, if there is no grid connection for sending power into the grid, only a very small portion of the available solar energy that can be generated is really used (when there is an outage), the rest is simply wasted!
Yes, we do have a problem with power outages. That is because we do not have enough power. The solution is to increase the real power generation. Trying to use solar/battery systems is a bit like using oil/generators at home during outages, it really increases the non-renewable resource usage, the efficiency of these small generators being much lower.
Chacko Neroth
Mr Chacko has clarified many of the issues I have raised
ReplyDeleteI fully endorse his view that the ideal situation is to have stand alone solar power without battery back up . Batteries are hard to maintain, are expensive and cause ecological problems that a solar plant wants to avoid
Wrt the REAPTEC activity , I feel it will be difficult to avoid a grid linkage because of the heavy rains which affect solar insolation , at least for a periof of two months
Fortunately the heavy rains also fill up the water resrvoirs of the hydel projects and a power cut (so common everywhere)is rare if not absent during this period During that time the REAPTEC project users will have to depend on the grid
I am envisaging a solar power generation of not more than 5kW per dwelling unit . This should meet the power needs for lighting, fans , refrigerator and one air conditioner apart from minor loads like computers, TV sets etc From what I know and have experienced , the Power utility Companies in India are generally averse to taking power from outsiders and put in lot of conditions for what they call the wheeling of power thro the grid . They prefer only large power producers .
If one has to avoid totally the dependence on power utility companies , then REAPTEC will have to set up a DG Plant to look after the monsoon season power requirement . My comments on this , are , I admit , half-baked as the proposal is still on the planning stage
G S Iyer
CAUTION: LONG COMMENT ON 5 ASPECTS, PLEASE RETURN FOR A SECOND READING
ReplyDeleteSolar Energy in TRV and Financing PULARI-REAPTEC Projects-
Some novelty is proposed in project financing-
1. Regarding rainy days: Let us look at slide 13 of the solar radiation data in the MNRE file available at this site. Thiruvananthapuram is at the top in solar resource. For temperature, let us look at Panjim-Goa in slide 69 (nearest west-coast), since TRV data is missing in the document. Please see the last page of PULARI-REAPTEC document for some interpretation. Power companies (KSEB) would like if we feed the grid in the cities to power these air-conditioners being put up, every day, not having considered happening to this extent during the planning (in 2005 ?).
2. Generation: Thiruvananthapuram and most of Kerala and India have an average solar energy availability of 5.4 h of 1000 W/m2. Under this condition, a 3 kW module will generate 3 kWx5.4 hx30days = 486 kWh. With an inverter working at 0.85 (85%, the best models are at 95% efficiency - heat losses), energy fed to the grid = 413 kWh. At a possible shading loss from trees of 20%, we would have 0.8x413 = 330 kWh fed to the grid monthly; 360 kWh is a number to remember or 12 kWh injected to the grid per day from a 3kW-grid tied system. At Rs.5/kWh subsidized rate, here is Rs. 21,000 per year saving - important in sustainable development , perhaps not in money-terms.
3. PV System cost: Word wide, the grid-tied system cost is nearly us$5/W: usd2/W for module; usd1/W for grid-web connected inverter permitting data display in real time in meetings; and usd2/W for installation (structure, cables, labor, gains). The modules and inverter are cheaper in the first world, but installation costs go up.
4. Project implementation: Each PULARI-REAPTEC project will have a Technical Coordinator (TC), a Financial Coordinator (FC), a Public Relations coordinator (PR) and five Project Groups (PGs). Each Project Committee will have 8 members, chaired by the PR. At usd5/W installed system, a 20 watt share of the system would cost 5x20x50(Rs/usd) = Rs.5000. Number of 20 W shares in 3000 W (3kW) = 150. System cost estimate: 150xRs5000 = Rs7.5 lakhs. This cost is totally met by the citizens without Govt. subsidies (Govt. subsidies are for Govt. Agency-sponsored projects).
5. The cost is met through sponsoring shares in watts installed, not in terms of un-tagged open contribution or charitable gesture. Cost of a typical 3 kW project is met as follows:
5 shares: PG1 and contacts
5 shares: PG2 and contacts
5 shares: PG3 and contacts
5 shares: PG4 and contacts
5 shares: PG5 and contacts
25 shares: Sponsor 1 contacted by PG1-5
25 shares: Sponsor 2 contacted by PG1-5
25 shares: Sponsor 3 contacted by PG1-5
50 shares: Sponsor 4 contacted by PR/FC
All 150 shares covered! It is time to move on to the next project. In the meantime, all the PGs, Sponsors, TC, FC and PR have been awarded Share and Participation Certificates and they are all in the mailing list for monthly performance updates on how their (PULARI-REAPTEC PV) system is performing. May be there is a system day celebration too!
Iyer,
ReplyDeleteRegarding the rainy season's effect: Good point that it is the same time that power becomes more available in Kerala because of our unusual dependence on hydro.
However, my 15+ year experience with solar electric is this. [California does have a long rainy season, we are one of the greener states for more than one reason :), but nothing like Kerala]. The rainy season is not an all-or-nothing time for solar. The modern inverter connects back to the grid in about 15 seconds after even a full power interruption. But during the rain, as soon as the very dark clouds are gone, my system is generating! I have some saved data I will share later. The rainy time just reduces the output, but surprisingly not drastically. Even diffused/reflected lights from the clouds generate significant portion of the energy! A very seldom discussed item: under some cloud conditions the power is more than the 100% nominal!!
As Nair pointed out, all the weather effects are already folded into that measurement data. Historically, people were overly pessimistic about weather effects on solar energy.
I will post later about your second point.
Iyer,
ReplyDeleteRegarding independence from power utility grid: I believe that in the current state of the technology, solar power is not viable for large scale use independent of the main grid. The reason is that it calls for a storage mechanism, and we are back to the battery. There are viable large scale storage other than a chemical battery, such as pumped water storage. But these are not practical for a community action like REAPTEC. So when we think of solving an unreliable grid, that is entirely a different problem, and not immediately solved with solar alone. However extended use of solar electric feeding the grid, will indeed reduce energy shortage in the long term, making the grid more reliable.
The large required and efficient storage for solar electric is THE ELECTRIC GRID. The grid acts like a huge battery, because there is a constant transient power flow. When we pump energy into the grid from solar or any other new source, the other existing resources currently powering the grid gets throttled back, be it water from dams or fossil energy. This is already functioning extremely well in all large grid systems!
There is another factor which makes solar ideal. The cost of a power grid is based on the peak demand. During non peak times, there is unused capacity not used optimally. The maximum solar production ideally coincides with the peak demand in all industrialized countries! [This is covered in my presentation Ref. 3 in right sidebar]. It is meeting this costly peak demand that makes solar [already] viable, beginning to be even competitive. This is not obvious to the individual user of the solar panel, but the power companies get the benefit. Also the power gets generated closer to where it is needed, minimizing transmission and distribution losses.
The solar power generated in excess over one's own usage, if one decides to install a larger system, is not wasted at all! But that individual would reap any economic benefit only when there is a feed-in-tariff scheme to pay her for the excess production. This is the reason that all smart governments trying to put in feed in tariffs. It is very similar to for the the government spending the money in building new power plants. But solar does not cost new resources for energy production, and it is a clean, non-depletable energy also.
Chacko
About PKNair's item 2:
ReplyDeleteExcellent data! A few tweaks. We need to encourage high quality models. I believe 95+% efficient inverters are already available in India. Though the lower efficient ones may appear a bit cheaper, a 15% lower efficiency is identical to throwing away Rs. 1.2 lakh! (3kw is about 8 lakh x15%).
We need to find areas with less tree shading for solar. Not acceptable to throw away 20% this way. One item that needs to be added to PKN's energy is the temp. related reduction in power. This could be 12-16% for Tvm. I expect we would get closer to that 360 easy-to-remember number.
BTW, to compare and confirm: For California with less rain, but 25+ deg farther away from the equator the solar light available is about 6.5hrs (vs 5.4 for Tvm).
Chacko
I have this request to all those involved here -
ReplyDeletePlease consider that the best starting option for residential grid connected PV for TRV is a 500W - the one you see in slides 21 through 26 in Dr. Chacko's presentation last May available at this site. This is his system since 1996; he mounted it personally - I think.
Suppose we buy and connect a similar one in TRV. Think of the power outtage - may be gone for four hours at mid day. When the grid-power goes, the inverter is cut-off, unless we have a single standby battery and another inverter 200 W or so feeding the minimum things connected. Am I right here?
Can the PV feed the system in this case? It will be a misery to sweat-out in mid day with a PV just doing nothing because the grid is out. That will be a joke, bad fame for PV.
Can Dr. Chacko or anyone upload a file and link to this page an ideal residential system for TRV residential connection, considering a bimonthly consumption of 200-400 units and power outage 4%, that is nearly 1 hour per day on an average?
Is this a real state of things, or we have a steady power in TRV? Nothing to worry this way?
PKNair,
ReplyDeleteThe optimal sizing is fairly easy to assess. Let us make this very simple and practical, having theoretical discussions may not be that useful for the user who wants to install a system. The important factor is to determine the particular target residence's average electric power usage in kWh; easy to find from the utility bill. For a general guideline, it would be better to know what the average Kerala residence usage is. Somebody there please find this and post here.
Once that is known, we need to know if there is any payment, how much, back to owner for excess energy. I do not want to recommend solar for anybody unless it is personally beneficial to them. It is possible that the current regulatory system need to tuned somewhat to make solar more useful. We need to mobilize towards this, because solar energy is really beneficial as the references will prove; but perhaps it may only benefit the power company now if there is no payback to the owner. I do not wish to ask people to do this as a charitable effort.
We have to have acceptance from the power company for the true full benefit. The meter needs to dual direction, during the daytime production hours the meter needs to register the negative energy use. Most developed countries have already done. If all of the above are not already available in Kerala, our first task is to convince the authorities and the power companies about the vast benefits they would reap from wider adoption.
Chacko
So the fastest growing internet company believes there is money to be made by financing residential solar projects! See the news in the Recent News Section in the right tab.
ReplyDeleteThe idea of Electric power substitute with Solar PV grid will take of in a big way in India.
ReplyDeleteHowever, to gain popularity and make required business volume, the cost of implementation should be comparative to the savings it can give to the user in terms of equivalent reduction in his normal public electric supply bills.
As in any other business, the trick of business success lies in volume that can happen only if the idea can percolate to massive user base at the lower end.
The Institute of Engineers in Tvm, at their Sept. 28th meeting about solar, decided to proceed with installation of a 3KW grid connected system at its building. Details when available will be sent in for posting here.
ReplyDeleteSolar panels are popping up all over prominent buildings in Delhi! See News 2011.09.28, on the right side.
ReplyDeleteThis post, with its comments, has got a bit too long. So I would start another post just below this, please continue you comments under the next post, PART 2.